JEE Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 JEE Main Units on One Printable Page

By the Ajay Vatsyayan Classes Home Tutors Team · Reviewed by Ajay Vatsyayan (founder). Last reviewed: 29 September 2026.

This JEE physics formula sheet gives the key formulas for all 20 units of the official JEE Main 2026 Physics syllabus, in the same order as the NTA syllabus. Each unit has a compact table followed by a short "how to use / common traps" note, because most lost marks come from using a formula outside its conditions, not from forgetting it. The page is designed to print cleanly: use your browser's Print option.

A formula sheet is a revision tool, not a way to learn physics for the first time. If whole units feel unfamiliar, start with a JEE Physics tutor in Gurgaon and come back to this page for recall practice. When you are ready to turn formulas into marks, our guide on how to score 70+ in JEE Main Physics gives a week-by-week plan.

How to use this JEE physics formula sheet

Use the sheet for daily recall, not as reading material. It works as a JEE Main physics formula sheet first, and as a physics formula sheet for JEE covering all chapters of the current Main syllabus; the topics that only JEE Advanced names are listed separately at the end. The unit list follows the official JEE (Main) 2026 syllabus published by NTA, which has 20 physics units, from Units and Measurements to Experimental Skills. NTA can revise the syllabus, so check the current version on the official JEE Main website before your exam.

Cover and recall. Cover the formula column and write each result from memory. Anything you miss goes into your error log.
Learn the conditions. Many JEE physics formulas hold only in a special case: constant acceleration, a thin lens, an ideal gas, a point far from a dipole. The trap notes point these out.
Check dimensions. If you are unsure of a formula in the exam, a quick dimension check catches most wrong versions.
Notation. Bold letters are vectors, k = 1/(4πε₀), and "≈" means an approximation valid only under the stated condition.

Units that are mostly Class 11 (Units 1 to 10) and mostly Class 12 (Units 11 to 19) are both here, so the sheet works for both years of preparation.

1. Units and measurements

Result	Formula or fact
SI base quantities	7: length (m), mass (kg), time (s), current (A), temperature (K), amount of substance (mol), luminous intensity (cd)
Common dimensions	Force [MLT⁻²]; energy [ML²T⁻²]; power [ML²T⁻³]; pressure [ML⁻¹T⁻²]; G [M⁻¹L³T⁻²]; h [ML²T⁻¹]
Error in a sum or difference	Z = A ± B → ΔZ = ΔA + ΔB
Error in a product or quotient	Z = AB or A/B → ΔZ/Z = ΔA/A + ΔB/B
Error in a power	Z = Aⁿ → ΔZ/Z = \|n\| ΔA/A
Significant figures	Addition/subtraction: keep the fewest decimal places. Multiplication/division: keep the fewest significant figures.

How to use / common traps: errors always add, even when quantities are subtracted or divided. Example: in g = 4π²l/T², a 1% error in l and a 2% error in T give 1 + 2 × 2 = 5% error in g. Dimensional analysis cannot find dimensionless constants (such as 2π) and cannot derive relations that involve a sum of terms.

2. Kinematics

Result	Formula
Constant acceleration	v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; v² = u² + 2as
Distance in the n^th second	s_n = u + (a/2)(2n − 1)
Graphs	Slope of x–t = velocity; slope of v–t = acceleration; area under v–t = displacement
Relative velocity	v_AB = v_A − v_B
Projectile (ground to ground)	T = 2u sinθ/g; H = u²sin²θ/(2g); R = u²sin 2θ/g; R_max = u²/g at θ = 45°
Trajectory	y = x tanθ − gx²/(2u²cos²θ)
Uniform circular motion	v = ωr; centripetal acceleration a = v²/r = ω²r

How to use / common traps: the three equations of motion hold only for constant acceleration; if a depends on time or position, use a = dv/dt or a = v dv/dx and integrate. Fix one sign convention before substituting. Check: u = 20 m/s at 30° with g = 10 m/s² gives T = 2 s, H = 5 m and R = 20√3 ≈ 34.6 m. Angles θ and 90° − θ give the same range.

3. Laws of motion

Result	Formula
Second law	F = dp/dt; F = ma for constant mass
Impulse	J = ∫F dt = Δp
Conservation of momentum	If net external force = 0, total p is constant
Friction	Static: f_s ≤ μ_sN; kinetic: f_k = μ_kN
Equilibrium of concurrent forces	ΣF = 0; for three forces, Lami's theorem F₁/sin α = F₂/sin β = F₃/sin γ (each angle is opposite its force)
Vehicle on a level road	v_max = √(μrg)
Banked road	No friction needed at v = √(rg tanθ); with friction, v_max = √[rg(μ + tanθ)/(1 − μ tanθ)]

How to use / common traps: static friction is not always μ_sN. It takes whatever value (up to μ_sN) is needed to prevent slipping, so find the required friction first and compare. Draw a free-body diagram for each body in a connected system before writing equations. "Centripetal force" is not an extra force; it is the net inward force supplied by tension, friction, gravity or a normal reaction.

4. Work, energy and power

Result	Formula
Work	W = F·s = Fs cosθ (constant force); W = ∫F dx (variable force)
Work–energy theorem	W_net = ΔK
Kinetic energy and momentum	K = ½mv² = p²/(2m)
Spring potential energy	U = ½kx²
Conservative force and potential energy	F = −dU/dx
Power	P = dW/dt = F·v
Vertical circle (string)	Minimum speed at top √(gr); minimum speed at bottom to complete the circle √(5gr); T_bottom − T_top = 6mg
1D elastic collision	v₁ = [(m₁ − m₂)u₁ + 2m₂u₂]/(m₁ + m₂); v₂ = [(m₂ − m₁)u₂ + 2m₁u₁]/(m₁ + m₂)
Coefficient of restitution	e = (v₂ − v₁)/(u₁ − u₂); e = 1 elastic, e = 0 perfectly inelastic
KE lost, perfectly inelastic	ΔK = m₁m₂(u₁ − u₂)²/[2(m₁ + m₂)]

How to use / common traps: momentum is conserved in every collision, but kinetic energy only in elastic ones. In a 2D collision, conserve momentum separately along x and y. Mechanical energy is conserved only when non-conservative forces (friction, air drag) do no work; otherwise use W_net = ΔK. For a rod or a mass on a rigid support, the minimum speed at the top of a vertical circle is zero, not √(gr).

5. Rotational motion

Result	Formula
Centre of mass	x_cm = Σm_ix_i/Σm_i; for a rigid body x_cm = ∫x dm/M
Torque and angular momentum	τ = r × F; L = r × p; τ = dL/dt
Rigid body about a fixed axis	L = Iω; τ = Iα; K = ½Iω²; W = τθ; P = τω
Conservation of angular momentum	If net external torque = 0: I₁ω₁ = I₂ω₂
Radius of gyration	I = Mk²
Parallel axes theorem	I = I_cm + Md²
Perpendicular axes theorem (plane lamina only)	I_z = I_x + I_y
Standard moments of inertia	Ring (axis) MR²; disc or solid cylinder (axis) ½MR²; solid sphere (2/5)MR²; hollow sphere (2/3)MR²; rod about centre ML²/12; rod about one end ML²/3; ring about a diameter ½MR²; disc about a diameter ¼MR²
Linear–rotational analogy	m ↔ I; v ↔ ω; a ↔ α; F ↔ τ; p ↔ L

How to use / common traps: the parallel axes theorem must start from the axis through the centre of mass; you cannot jump between two arbitrary parallel axes in one step. The perpendicular axes theorem works only for flat (planar) bodies. When angular momentum is conserved (a skater pulling in her arms), rotational kinetic energy is usually not conserved. Rolling without slipping (v = ωR) is not named in the Main 2026 syllabus; see the flagged list below.

6. Gravitation

Result	Formula
Law of gravitation	F = Gm₁m₂/r²
g at the surface	g = GM/R²
g at height h	g_h = g R²/(R + h)² ≈ g(1 − 2h/R) for h ≪ R
g at depth d	g_d = g(1 − d/R)
Potential and potential energy	V = −GM/r; U = −GMm/r (r ≥ R)
Escape velocity	v_e = √(2GM/R) = √(2gR)
Orbital velocity and period	v_o = √(GM/r); T = 2π√(r³/GM), with r = R + h
Kepler's third law	T² ∝ a³ (a = semi-major axis)
Satellite energies	K = GMm/(2r); U = −GMm/r; E = −GMm/(2r)

How to use / common traps: r in orbital formulas is measured from the centre of the Earth, not from the surface. The approximation g(1 − 2h/R) fails when h is comparable to R; use the exact form. Escape velocity does not depend on the direction of projection or the mass of the body. Near the surface, v_e = √2 × v_o.

7. Properties of solids and liquids

In the 2026 syllabus, this unit also contains heat, thermal expansion, calorimetry and heat transfer, so those formulas are listed here.

Result	Formula
Elastic moduli	Young's Y = (F/A)/(ΔL/L); bulk B = −ΔP/(ΔV/V); modulus of rigidity η = (F/A)/θ
Fluid pressure	P = P₀ + ρgh
Continuity and Bernoulli	A₁v₁ = A₂v₂; P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant along a streamline
Speed of efflux (Torricelli)	v = √(2gh)
Stokes' law and terminal velocity	F = 6πηrv; v_t = 2r²(ρ − σ)g/(9η), ρ = sphere density, σ = fluid density
Reynolds number and critical velocity	Re = ρvD/η; v_c = Re_cη/(ρD)
Surface energy	W = TΔA (a film has two surfaces, so ΔA doubles)
Excess pressure	Liquid drop or air bubble in liquid: 2T/r; soap bubble in air: 4T/r
Capillary rise	h = 2T cosθ/(ρgr)
Thermal expansion	ΔL = αLΔT; β ≈ 2α (area); γ ≈ 3α (volume)
Calorimetry and latent heat	Q = mcΔT; Q = mL; heat lost = heat gained
Conduction	dQ/dt = kAΔT/L; thermal resistance L/(kA), combined like electrical resistances

How to use / common traps: a soap bubble has two surfaces, so its excess pressure is 4T/r, while an air bubble inside water has one surface and 2T/r. In Stokes' law problems, the net driving force uses the difference in densities (ρ − σ), not ρ alone. In calorimetry with a change of state, first check whether enough heat is available to melt or boil everything; often the final state is a mixture at 0 °C or 100 °C.

From our tutors: for Units 2 to 7, we ask students to write the conditions next to each formula on their own copy of this sheet, such as "constant a only" beside the equations of motion or "one surface" beside 2T/r. In our experience, the formula is rarely the problem in mechanics. Applying it where it does not hold is.

8. Thermodynamics

Result	Formula
First law	ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW (ΔW = work done by the gas)
Work by a gas	W = ∫P dV = area under the P–V curve
Internal energy of an ideal gas	ΔU = nC_vΔT for any process
Isobaric	W = PΔV = nRΔT; Q = nC_pΔT
Isochoric	W = 0; Q = ΔU = nC_vΔT
Isothermal	ΔU = 0; Q = W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
Adiabatic	Q = 0; PV^γ = constant; TV^γ−1 = constant; W = (P₁V₁ − P₂V₂)/(γ − 1) = nR(T₁ − T₂)/(γ − 1)
Mayer's relation	C_p − C_v = R (molar)
P–V slopes	Adiabatic slope = γ × isothermal slope at the same point
Efficiency of a heat engine	η = W/Q_H = 1 − Q_C/Q_H

How to use / common traps: check which sign convention the question uses for work before applying the first law; this sheet uses NCERT's (work done by the gas is positive). In a cyclic process ΔU = 0, so net heat absorbed equals net work done (the area enclosed by the loop, positive if the loop runs clockwise on a P–V diagram). The Carnot efficiency 1 − T_C/T_H is not named in the Main 2026 syllabus; it is flagged below.

9. Kinetic theory of gases

Result	Formula
Ideal gas equation	PV = nRT = Nk_BT
Pressure of a gas	P = ⅓ρv_rms²
Molecular speeds	v_rms = √(3RT/M); v_avg = √(8RT/πM); v_mp = √(2RT/M), so v_rms > v_avg > v_mp
Kinetic interpretation of temperature	Average translational KE per molecule = (3/2)k_BT
Equipartition	½k_BT per degree of freedom per molecule; U = (f/2)nRT
Specific heats from f	C_v = (f/2)R; C_p = (f/2 + 1)R; γ = 1 + 2/f
Typical f	Monatomic f = 3 (γ = 5/3); diatomic at ordinary temperature f = 5 (γ = 7/5)
Mean free path	λ = 1/(√2 πd²n) = k_BT/(√2 πd²P)

How to use / common traps: M must be in kg/mol (32 × 10⁻³ for O₂, not 32). For a mixture of gases, C_v is the mole-weighted average, and so is internal energy; γ of the mixture is C_p,mix/C_v,mix, not the average of the two γ values. Temperature must be in kelvin everywhere in this unit.

10. Oscillations and waves

Result	Formula
SHM	x = A sin(ωt + φ); v = ω√(A² − x²); a = −ω²x
Periods	Spring–mass T = 2π√(m/k); simple pendulum T = 2π√(l/g) (small angles)
Energy in SHM	E = ½kA² = ½mω²A²; K = ½k(A² − x²); U = ½kx²
Springs	Series 1/k = 1/k₁ + 1/k₂; parallel k = k₁ + k₂
Progressive wave	y = A sin(kx − ωt); k = 2π/λ; v = ω/k = fλ
Wave speed	String v = √(T/μ); sound in a gas v = √(γP/ρ)
String fixed at both ends; open pipe	f_n = nv/(2L), n = 1, 2, 3 … (all harmonics)
Pipe closed at one end	f = (2n − 1)v/(4L) (odd harmonics only)
Beats	f_beat = \|f₁ − f₂\|

How to use / common traps: kinetic energy in SHM oscillates at twice the frequency of the motion. A closed pipe of length 0.5 m with v = 340 m/s has fundamental v/(4L) = 170 Hz, and its next overtone is 510 Hz (the third harmonic), not 340 Hz. For beats questions, check whether loading a fork with wax (lower frequency) or filing it (higher frequency) raises or lowers the beat count before choosing f₁ + f_b or f₁ − f_b.

Knowing the formulas but still dropping marks in mechanics or waves? Book a free JEE Physics demo class in Gurgaon. The tutor will test where the gap is: concept, condition or calculation.

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11. Electrostatics

Result	Formula
Coulomb's law	F = kq₁q₂/r²; k = 1/(4πε₀) ≈ 9 × 10⁹ N m² C⁻²
Point charge	E = kq/r²; V = kq/r; E = −∇V (E = −dV/dr)
Dipole (r ≫ a), p = q × 2a	Axial E = 2kp/r³; equatorial E = kp/r³; V = kp cosθ/r²
Dipole in a uniform field	τ = p × E; U = −p·E
Gauss's law	Φ = q_enclosed/ε₀
Gauss's law results	Infinite line: λ/(2πε₀r); infinite sheet: σ/(2ε₀); thin shell: kQ/r² outside, 0 inside
Potential energy of two charges	U = kq₁q₂/r
Parallel plate capacitor	C = ε₀A/d; filled with dielectric C = Kε₀A/d; slab of thickness t: C = ε₀A/(d − t + t/K)
Combinations	Series 1/C = Σ1/C_i; parallel C = ΣC_i
Energy stored	U = ½CV² = Q²/(2C) = ½QV; energy density ½ε₀E²

How to use / common traps: the dipole field formulas are approximations for points far from the dipole. When a dielectric slab is inserted with the battery connected, V stays fixed and Q rises; with the battery disconnected, Q stays fixed and V falls. Decide which case you are in before using any energy formula. Potential is a scalar, so add values with signs; field is a vector, so add components.

12. Current electricity

Result	Formula
Drift velocity and current	I = neAv_d; v_d = eEτ/m; mobility μ = v_d/E
Ohm's law and resistance	V = IR; R = ρl/A; conductivity σ = 1/ρ
Temperature dependence	R_T = R₀[1 + α(T − T₀)]
Combinations	Series R = ΣR_i; parallel 1/R = Σ1/R_i
Cell with internal resistance	I = E/(R + r); terminal voltage V = E − Ir while supplying current
Cells in series and parallel	Series: E_eq = ΣE_i, r_eq = Σr_i. Parallel: E_eq = (ΣE_i/r_i)/(Σ1/r_i), 1/r_eq = Σ1/r_i
Power	P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Kirchhoff's laws	Junction: ΣI = 0; loop: sum of potential changes = 0
Wheatstone bridge (balanced)	P/Q = R/S
Metre bridge	R/X = l/(100 − l), with R in the left gap and balance at l cm from the left end

How to use / common traps: if a wire is stretched to n times its length at constant volume, its resistance becomes n² times, because A falls by the same factor as l rises. In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, the middle (galvanometer) arm carries no current and can be removed. For parallel cells, reverse the sign of E_i for any cell connected the other way round.

13. Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

Result	Formula
Biot–Savart law	dB = (μ₀/4π) I dl × r̂/r²
Circular loop	Centre B = μ₀I/(2R); on axis B = μ₀IR²/[2(R² + x²)^3/2]
Ampere's law results	Long straight wire B = μ₀I/(2πr); long solenoid B = μ₀nI (n = turns per unit length)
Lorentz force	F = q(E + v × B)
Charge in uniform B (v ⊥ B)	r = mv/(qB); T = 2πm/(qB), independent of speed
Force on a wire; parallel wires	F = IL × B; force per unit length μ₀I₁I₂/(2πd), attractive for currents in the same direction
Current loop as a dipole	m = NIA; τ = m × B; U = −m·B
Moving coil galvanometer	NIAB = kφ; current sensitivity φ/I = NAB/k; voltage sensitivity φ/V = NAB/(kG)
Conversion	Ammeter: shunt S = I_gG/(I − I_g) in parallel. Voltmeter: series R = V/I_g − G
Bar magnet (r ≫ size)	Axial B = (μ₀/4π)(2m/r³); equatorial B = (μ₀/4π)(m/r³)
Temperature and magnetism	Curie's law for paramagnets: χ ∝ 1/T; ferromagnets become paramagnetic above the Curie temperature

How to use / common traps: the magnetic force does no work, so it changes the direction of velocity but not the speed. If v has a component along B, the path is a helix, and only the perpendicular component goes into r = mv/(qB). For a finite wire, B = μ₀I/(4πr)(sinθ₁ + sinθ₂); the "long wire" result is the special case θ₁ = θ₂ = 90°.

14. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

Result	Formula
Faraday and Lenz	ε = −N dΦ/dt, with Φ = B·A
Motional emf	ε = Blv (rod ⊥ B, v ⊥ rod)
Self-inductance	ε = −L dI/dt; long solenoid L = μ₀n²Al; energy U = ½LI²
Mutual inductance	ε₂ = −M dI₁/dt
AC generator	ε = NBAω sin ωt; peak ε₀ = NBAω
RMS values (sinusoidal)	I_rms = I₀/√2; V_rms = V₀/√2
Reactance and impedance	X_L = ωL; X_C = 1/(ωC); Z = √[R² + (X_L − X_C)²]; tanφ = (X_L − X_C)/R
Resonance (series LCR)	ω₀ = 1/√(LC); Z = R, current maximum
Power	P = V_rmsI_rms cosφ; power factor cosφ = R/Z
Wattless current	I_rms sinφ
Ideal transformer	V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p = I_p/I_s

How to use / common traps: in a series LCR circuit, add voltages as phasors, not as numbers: V = √[V_R² + (V_L − V_C)²]. At resonance V_L and V_C can each be larger than the supply voltage. The I₀/√2 rule applies only to sinusoidal waveforms.

15. Electromagnetic waves

Result	Formula or fact
Displacement current	I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt
Speed in vacuum	c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀); E₀/B₀ = c
Nature	Transverse: E, B and the direction of travel are mutually perpendicular, and the wave travels along E × B
Spectrum (increasing frequency)	Radio → microwaves → infrared → visible → ultraviolet → X-rays → gamma rays
Average intensity	I = ½cε₀E₀²

How to use / common traps: electric and magnetic fields carry equal average energy in an EM wave, even though B₀ is numerically much smaller than E₀. Learn one use for each band in the spectrum, since the syllabus lists applications.

16. Optics

Result	Formula
Mirror	1/v + 1/u = 1/f; f = R/2; m = −v/u
Snell's law; critical angle	n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r; sin C = n₂/n₁ (light going from denser n₁ to rarer n₂)
Refraction at a spherical surface	n₂/v − n₁/u = (n₂ − n₁)/R
Thin lens	1/v − 1/u = 1/f; m = v/u; power P = 1/f (f in metres, P in dioptres)
Lens maker's formula	1/f = (n − 1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂), n relative to the surrounding medium
Lenses in contact	1/F = Σ1/f_i; P = ΣP_i
Prism	n = sin[(A + δ_m)/2]/sin(A/2); thin prism δ = (n − 1)A
Microscope and telescope	Simple microscope m = 1 + D/f (image at D); compound microscope m ≈ (L/f_o)(D/f_e); telescope in normal adjustment m = f_o/f_e, length f_o + f_e
Young's double slit	Fringe width β = λD/d; bright: path difference nλ; dark: (2n − 1)λ/2
Resultant intensity	I = I₁ + I₂ + 2√(I₁I₂) cosφ
Single slit	Minima: a sinθ = nλ (n ≠ 0); angular width of central maximum 2λ/a; linear width 2λD/a
Brewster's law	tan i_B = n; reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular

How to use / common traps: use one sign convention (the Cartesian convention in NCERT) for both mirrors and lenses, and put the sign of every given distance in before solving. A lens immersed in a liquid changes its focal length because (n − 1) becomes (n_lens/n_liquid − 1); it can even change from converging to diverging. In YDSE, placing the apparatus in water divides β by the refractive index.

17. Dual nature of matter and radiation

Result	Formula
Photon energy and momentum	E = hν = hc/λ; p = h/λ; hc ≈ 1240 eV nm
Einstein's photoelectric equation	K_max = hν − φ₀ = eV₀ (V₀ = stopping potential)
Threshold	ν₀ = φ₀/h; λ₀ = hc/φ₀
de Broglie wavelength	λ = h/p = h/√(2mK)
Electron accelerated through V volts	λ = h/√(2meV) ≈ 1.227/√V nm

How to use / common traps: intensity changes the number of photoelectrons (the saturation current), not their maximum kinetic energy; frequency changes K_max. A 620 nm photon carries 1240/620 = 2.0 eV, so it cannot eject electrons from a metal with a work function above 2.0 eV, however bright the light. In a graph of V₀ against ν, the slope is h/e for every metal.

18. Atoms and nuclei

Result	Formula
Bohr's quantisation	mvr = nh/(2π)
Hydrogen-like atom	r_n ≈ 0.529 n²/Z Å; E_n ≈ −13.6 Z²/n² eV; v_n ≈ 2.18 × 10⁶ Z/n m/s
Spectral lines	1/λ = RZ²(1/n₁² − 1/n₂²); R ≈ 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹
Series (hydrogen)	Lyman n₁ = 1 (ultraviolet); Balmer n₁ = 2 (visible); Paschen n₁ = 3 (infrared)
Lines from level n	Maximum number of lines = n(n − 1)/2
Distance of closest approach (alpha particle)	r₀ = k(2e)(Ze)/K
Nuclear size	R = R₀A^1/3, R₀ ≈ 1.2 fm; nuclear density is roughly the same for all nuclei
Mass–energy	E = mc²; 1 u ≈ 931.5 MeV
Mass defect and binding energy	Δm = [Zm_p + (A − Z)m_n] − M_nucleus; BE = Δm c²

How to use / common traps: kinetic energy in a Bohr orbit equals −E_n and potential energy equals 2E_n. Binding energy per nucleon, not total binding energy, decides stability; it peaks near iron, which is why fission of heavy nuclei and fusion of light nuclei both release energy. Radioactive decay (half-life, decay constant) is not named in the Main 2026 syllabus; see the flagged list.

19. Electronic devices

Result	Formula or fact
Diode bias	Forward bias: p to higher potential, current flows after the knee voltage. Reverse bias: tiny current until breakdown
Rectifier output frequency	Half-wave: f (same as input); full-wave: 2f
Zener regulator	V_load = V_Z; I_series = (V_in − V_Z)/R_S; I_Z = I_series − I_load
Optoelectronic devices	LED: forward bias, photon energy ≈ band gap (E_g ≈ hc/λ). Photodiode: reverse bias. Solar cell: no external bias
Logic gates	OR: Y = A + B; AND: Y = A·B; NOT: Y = Ā; NAND: Y = (A·B)‾ ; NOR: Y = (A + B)‾

How to use / common traps: in Zener questions, first check that the Zener is actually in breakdown: remove it, find the voltage across the load, and only if that exceeds V_Z does the regulator formula apply. For combined gate circuits, write the truth table column by column rather than simplifying in your head. NAND and NOR are universal gates.

20. Experimental skills

The 2026 syllabus lists 18 experiments. These are the formulas behind them that questions most often need.

Experiment	Formula
Vernier callipers	LC = 1 MSD − 1 VSD (= 1 MSD/N when N VSD = (N − 1) MSD); reading = MSR + (VSR × LC) − zero error
Screw gauge	LC = pitch/number of circular divisions; reading = MSR + (CSR × LC) − zero error
Simple pendulum	g = 4π²l/T²; slope of an l–T² graph = g/4π²
Metre scale (principle of moments)	m₁l₁ = m₂l₂ about the pivot
Young's modulus of a wire	Y = MgL/(πr²Δl)
Resonance tube	v = 2f(l₂ − l₁); end correction e = (l₂ − 3l₁)/2
Metre bridge resistivity	ρ = Xπd²/(4L)
Galvanometer, half-deflection	G = RS/(R − S) (≈ S when R ≫ S); figure of merit k = E/[(R + G)θ]
Prism i–δ graph	At minimum deviation i = e and the ray passes symmetrically
Glass slab (travelling microscope)	n = real thickness/apparent thickness
Method of mixtures	Heat lost by hot body = heat gained by cold body (include the calorimeter)

How to use / common traps: zero error is subtracted with its sign: a negative zero error is added back. Using the difference l₂ − l₁ in the resonance tube removes the end correction, which is why that method is preferred. In the Young's modulus experiment, the error in the radius counts twice, because r is squared.

From our tutors: students often skip Unit 20 because it feels like "practical" work. We teach it alongside the matching theory chapter instead: vernier and screw gauge with Unit 1, the resonance tube with waves, the metre bridge with current electricity. The formulas are short, and linking each experiment to its chapter makes them much easier to remember.

Formulas not listed in the JEE Main 2026 syllabus

These topics appear in many older formula sheets and books, but the JEE Main 2026 Physics syllabus does not name them. We have compared them with the JEE (Advanced) 2026 syllabus, which is printed in the JEE (Advanced) 2026 Information Brochure. If you are preparing only for JEE Main, give these lower priority; if you are also taking JEE Advanced, learn those it names.

Topic and key formula	JEE Main 2026 syllabus	JEE Advanced 2026 syllabus
Doppler effect in sound: f′ = f(v ± v_o)/(v ∓ v_s)	Not named (Unit 10 stops at beats)	Named
Rolling without slipping: v = ωR; a = g sinθ/(1 + k²/R²) on an incline	Not named (only "rolling friction")	Named
Carnot engine: η = 1 − T_C/T_H	Not named (second law and reversibility are)	Named
Newton's law of cooling; Stefan's law (E = σT⁴); Wien's law (λ_mT = b)	Not named (heat transfer by radiation is listed in general terms)	Named
Radioactive decay: N = N₀e^−λt; T_½ = ln 2/λ	Not named	Named
X-rays and Moseley's law	Not named (X-rays appear only in the EM spectrum)	Named
Damped and forced oscillations	Not named	Named
RC and LR circuits with d.c. (growth and decay)	Not named	Named
Potentiometer	Not named (metre bridge only)	Not named
Transistors and communication systems	Not named	Not named

"Not named" means the topic is absent from the syllabus text. It does not guarantee that no question will ever touch the idea, and NTA can revise the syllabus. For how often each unit actually appears in papers, see our JEE Main physics chapter-wise weightage analysis.

Printing tips

Use your browser's Print option. The table of contents and booking boxes are hidden when you print, so the sheet prints as formulas and notes only.
Print on both sides and keep the pages with your error log. Add your own conditions and mistakes in the margins.
Replace the printout when NTA publishes the next syllabus.

Formulas are only half of the job; the other half is using them without slips in numerical questions. Our guide to common mistakes in JEE physics numericals covers units, signs and rounding.

Frequently asked questions

Is this JEE physics formula sheet enough for JEE Main?

It covers the key formulas in all 20 units of the JEE Main 2026 Physics syllabus, but formulas alone will not get the marks. JEE Main tests whether you can pick the right formula, check its conditions and calculate accurately, so pair the sheet with previous-year questions and timed practice.

Can I download this as a PDF?

We do not offer a separate download. The page is built to print: use your browser's Print option, and choose "Save as PDF" if you want a copy on your device.

Does JEE Main give a formula sheet in the exam?

The JEE Main 2026 Information Bulletin does not describe any formula sheet for candidates, and it lists calculators and log tables as prohibited items. Some questions state the constants to use, and NTA advises using the constants given. Always read the current bulletin for exam-day rules.

How many units are in the JEE Main 2026 physics syllabus?

Twenty, from Units and Measurements to Experimental Skills. This sheet follows the same order, with heat and thermal expansion placed under Unit 7 (Properties of Solids and Liquids), as in the official syllabus.

Is this a physics formula sheet for JEE with all chapters?

It covers every chapter in the 20 units of the JEE Main 2026 Physics syllabus. Topics that appear in older sheets but not in the 2026 Main syllabus, such as the Doppler effect and radioactive decay, are listed in a separate flagged table with their key formulas. Both are named in the JEE Advanced 2026 syllabus, so learn them if you are taking Advanced.

Which JEE physics formulas should I learn first?

Start with the units that the rest of physics depends on: kinematics, laws of motion, and work and energy. Electrostatics and current electricity underpin most Class 12 units. After that, prioritise the units where your mock-test accuracy is lowest.

How should I revise JEE physics formulas each day?

A short daily session of 10 to 15 minutes, covering two or three units in rotation, works better than one long session a week. Cover the formula column, write from memory, and then solve two or three questions that use the formulas you missed.

Can a home tutor help with physics formulas?

A tutor helps most by showing where each formula comes from and when it fails, which makes recall much easier. Ajay Vatsyayan Classes tutors teach JEE Physics one-to-one at home across Gurgaon (Gurugram) and online.

Want a tutor to turn this JEE physics formula sheet into marks? Book a free JEE Physics demo with Ajay Vatsyayan Classes, Saraswati kunj II, Wazirabad, Sector 52, Gurugram, Haryana 122003. Male and female tutors are available, at home or online.

Book a Free JEE Physics Demo +91 92204 75088

About this guide: written by the Ajay Vatsyayan Classes Home Tutors Team and reviewed by Ajay Vatsyayan (Founder; B.Tech; IB and Cambridge IGCSE experienced). Unit list checked against the official JEE (Main) 2026 syllabus on 29 September 2026.

JEE Physics Guide

Part of our JEE Physics guide

JEE Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 JEE Main Units on One Printable Page

How to use this JEE physics formula sheet

1. Units and measurements

2. Kinematics

3. Laws of motion

4. Work, energy and power

5. Rotational motion

6. Gravitation

7. Properties of solids and liquids

8. Thermodynamics

9. Kinetic theory of gases

10. Oscillations and waves

11. Electrostatics

12. Current electricity

13. Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

14. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

15. Electromagnetic waves

16. Optics

17. Dual nature of matter and radiation

18. Atoms and nuclei

19. Electronic devices

20. Experimental skills

Formulas not listed in the JEE Main 2026 syllabus

Printing tips

Frequently asked questions

Is this JEE physics formula sheet enough for JEE Main?

Can I download this as a PDF?

Does JEE Main give a formula sheet in the exam?

How many units are in the JEE Main 2026 physics syllabus?

Is this a physics formula sheet for JEE with all chapters?

Which JEE physics formulas should I learn first?

How should I revise JEE physics formulas each day?

Can a home tutor help with physics formulas?

More from the JEE Physics guide

About this guide

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JEE Physics Guide

Part of our JEE Physics guide

JEE Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 JEE Main Units on One Printable Page

How to use this JEE physics formula sheet

1. Units and measurements

2. Kinematics

3. Laws of motion

4. Work, energy and power

5. Rotational motion

6. Gravitation

7. Properties of solids and liquids

8. Thermodynamics

9. Kinetic theory of gases

10. Oscillations and waves

11. Electrostatics

12. Current electricity

13. Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

14. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

15. Electromagnetic waves

16. Optics

17. Dual nature of matter and radiation

18. Atoms and nuclei

19. Electronic devices

20. Experimental skills

Formulas not listed in the JEE Main 2026 syllabus

Printing tips

Frequently asked questions

Is this JEE physics formula sheet enough for JEE Main?

Can I download this as a PDF?

Does JEE Main give a formula sheet in the exam?

How many units are in the JEE Main 2026 physics syllabus?

Is this a physics formula sheet for JEE with all chapters?

Which JEE physics formulas should I learn first?

How should I revise JEE physics formulas each day?

Can a home tutor help with physics formulas?

More from the JEE Physics guide

About this guide