NEET Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 NEET (UG) Syllabus Units on One Printable Page

By the Ajay Vatsyayan Classes Home Tutors Team · Reviewed by Ajay Vatsyayan (Founder; B.Tech; IB and Cambridge IGCSE experienced). Last reviewed: 29 September 2026.

This NEET physics formula sheet lists the key formulas for all 20 units of the official NEET (UG) 2026 Physics syllabus, in the same order as the syllabus notified by the National Medical Commission (NMC). Each unit has a compact table and a short "how to use / common traps" note, because NEET physics marks are usually lost by using a formula outside its conditions, not by forgetting it. A final table flags formulas that older books still carry but the current syllabus does not name.

A formula sheet is a revision tool, not a first lesson. If whole units still feel unfamiliar, a NEET Physics tutor in Gurgaon can rebuild the concepts first, and this page then becomes your daily recall sheet. It is built to print cleanly from your browser.

How to use this NEET physics formula sheet

Use the sheet for short daily recall, not as reading material. The unit list and order follow the Syllabus for NEET (UG) 2026, notified by NMC and published by NTA, which has 20 physics units, from Physics and Measurement to Experimental Skills. We compared it word for word with the NEET (UG) 2025 syllabus and found the same physics units and topics. No NEET (UG) 2027 syllabus had been published when we checked on 29 September 2026, so treat 2026 as the reference until NMC notifies the next one.

Cover and recall. Cover the formula column, write each result from memory, and put anything you miss into your error log.
Learn the conditions. Many formulas hold only in a special case: constant acceleration, a thin lens, an ideal gas, small angles, a point far from a dipole. The trap notes point these out.
Practise without a calculator. The NEET (UG) 2026 Information Bulletin lists calculators and log tables among items not allowed in the exam hall, so every formula here has to be used with mental arithmetic and sensible approximations.
Notation. Bold letters are vectors, k = 1/(4πε₀) ≈ 9 × 10⁹ N m² C⁻², and "≈" means an approximation valid only under the stated condition.

Units 1 to 10 are mostly Class 11 physics and Units 11 to 20 mostly Class 12. For how the paper itself is built (45 physics questions, marking and timing), see our guide to the NEET physics syllabus and exam pattern.

1. Physics and measurement

Result	Formula or fact
SI base quantities	7: length (m), mass (kg), time (s), current (A), temperature (K), amount of substance (mol), luminous intensity (cd)
Common dimensions	Force [MLT⁻²]; energy [ML²T⁻²]; power [ML²T⁻³]; pressure [ML⁻¹T⁻²]; G [M⁻¹L³T⁻²]; h [ML²T⁻¹]
Error in a sum or difference	Z = A ± B → ΔZ = ΔA + ΔB
Error in a product or quotient	Z = AB or A/B → ΔZ/Z = ΔA/A + ΔB/B
Error in a power	Z = A^pB^q/C^r → ΔZ/Z = pΔA/A + qΔB/B + rΔC/C
Least count	Smallest reading an instrument can measure; the maximum error of a single reading is usually taken as one least count
Significant figures	Addition/subtraction: keep the fewest decimal places. Multiplication/division: keep the fewest significant figures.

How to use / common traps: errors always add, even when quantities are subtracted or divided. In g = 4π²l/T², a 1% error in l and a 2% error in T give 1 + 2 × 2 = 5% error in g. Dimensional analysis cannot find dimensionless constants such as 2π, and it cannot check an equation that adds terms of different forms. Trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant (2.50 has three significant figures); leading zeros are not (0.0025 has two).

2. Kinematics

Result	Formula
Uniformly accelerated motion	v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; v² = u² + 2as
Distance in the n^th second	s_n = u + (a/2)(2n − 1)
Graphs	Slope of x–t = velocity; slope of v–t = acceleration; area under v–t = displacement
Vectors	A·B = AB cosθ; \|A × B\| = AB sinθ; resultant R = √(A² + B² + 2AB cosθ)
Relative velocity	v_AB = v_A − v_B
Projectile (level ground)	T = 2u sinθ/g; H = u²sin²θ/(2g); R = u²sin 2θ/g; R_max = u²/g at θ = 45°
Trajectory	y = x tanθ − gx²/(2u²cos²θ)
Uniform circular motion	v = ωr; centripetal acceleration a = v²/r = ω²r

How to use / common traps: the three equations of motion hold only for constant acceleration; if a depends on time or position, use a = dv/dt or a = v dv/dx. Fix one sign convention (for example, up positive) before substituting, especially for a body thrown upwards from a tower. Check: u = 20 m/s at 30° with g = 10 m/s² gives T = 2 s, H = 5 m and R = 20√3 ≈ 34.6 m. Angles θ and 90° − θ give the same range but different heights and times.

3. Laws of motion

Result	Formula
Second law	F = dp/dt; F = ma for constant mass
Impulse	J = ∫F dt = Δp (area under the F–t graph)
Conservation of momentum	If net external force = 0, total p is constant (gun recoil: m_bv_b = M_gV_g)
Friction	Static: f_s ≤ μ_sN; kinetic: f_k = μ_kN; usually μ_r < μ_k < μ_s
Angle of repose	tan θ = μ_s
Equilibrium of concurrent forces	ΣF = 0; three forces: Lami's theorem F₁/sin α = F₂/sin β = F₃/sin γ (each angle opposite its force)
Two masses over a light pulley (Atwood)	a = (m₁ − m₂)g/(m₁ + m₂); T = 2m₁m₂g/(m₁ + m₂)
Vehicle on a level circular road	v_max = √(μrg)
Banked road	No friction needed at v = √(rg tanθ); with friction v_max = √[rg(μ + tanθ)/(1 − μ tanθ)]

How to use / common traps: static friction is not always μ_sN. It takes whatever value (up to μ_sN) prevents slipping, so find the friction needed first and compare it with the limit. Draw a separate free-body diagram for each body before writing equations. "Centripetal force" is not an extra force on the diagram; it is the net inward force supplied by tension, friction, gravity or a normal reaction. In a lift accelerating upwards at a, the apparent weight is m(g + a).

4. Work, energy and power

Result	Formula
Work	W = F·s = Fs cosθ (constant force); W = ∫F dx (variable force, area under F–x graph)
Work–energy theorem	W_net = ΔK
Kinetic energy and momentum	K = ½mv² = p²/(2m)
Spring potential energy	U = ½kx²
Conservative force	F = −dU/dx; work is path-independent and zero round a closed path
Power	P = dW/dt = F·v
Vertical circle (string)	Minimum speed at top √(gr); minimum speed at bottom √(5gr); T_bottom − T_top = 6mg
1D elastic collision	v₁ = [(m₁ − m₂)u₁ + 2m₂u₂]/(m₁ + m₂); v₂ = [(m₂ − m₁)u₂ + 2m₁u₁]/(m₁ + m₂)
Coefficient of restitution	e = (v₂ − v₁)/(u₁ − u₂); e = 1 elastic, e = 0 perfectly inelastic
KE lost, perfectly inelastic	ΔK = m₁m₂(u₁ − u₂)²/[2(m₁ + m₂)]

How to use / common traps: momentum is conserved in every collision, but kinetic energy only in elastic ones. In a 2D collision, conserve momentum separately along x and y. Mechanical energy is conserved only when friction and drag do no work; otherwise use W_net = ΔK, which also gives the stopping distance on a rough floor, s = v²/(2μg). In an elastic head-on collision between equal masses, the bodies simply exchange velocities.

5. Rotational motion

Result	Formula
Centre of mass	Two particles: x_cm = (m₁x₁ + m₂x₂)/(m₁ + m₂); rigid body x_cm = ∫x dm/M
Torque and angular momentum	τ = r × F; L = r × p; τ = dL/dt
Rigid body about a fixed axis	L = Iω; τ = Iα; K = ½Iω²; W = τθ; P = τω
Equations of rotational motion (constant α)	ω = ω₀ + αt; θ = ω₀t + ½αt²; ω² = ω₀² + 2αθ
Conservation of angular momentum	If net external torque = 0: I₁ω₁ = I₂ω₂
Radius of gyration	I = Mk²
Parallel and perpendicular axes	I = I_cm + Md²; plane lamina only: I_z = I_x + I_y
Standard moments of inertia	Ring (axis) MR²; disc or solid cylinder (axis) ½MR²; solid sphere (2/5)MR²; hollow sphere (2/3)MR²; rod about centre ML²/12; rod about one end ML²/3; ring about a diameter ½MR²; disc about a diameter ¼MR²
Equilibrium of a rigid body	ΣF = 0 and Στ = 0 about any point

How to use / common traps: the parallel axes theorem must start from the axis through the centre of mass. The perpendicular axes theorem works only for flat bodies. When angular momentum is conserved (a skater pulling in her arms), rotational kinetic energy usually is not: ω rises, and K = L²/(2I) rises with it. Rolling without slipping (v = ωR) is not named in the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus; see the flagged list.

6. Gravitation

Result	Formula
Universal law	F = Gm₁m₂/r²; G ≈ 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²
g at the surface	g = GM/R² = (4/3)πGρR
g at height h	g_h = gR²/(R + h)² ≈ g(1 − 2h/R) for h ≪ R
g at depth d	g_d = g(1 − d/R); zero at the centre
Potential and potential energy	V = −GM/r; U = −GMm/r (r ≥ R)
Escape velocity	v_e = √(2GM/R) = √(2gR) ≈ 11.2 km/s for the Earth
Orbital velocity and period	v_o = √(GM/r); T = 2π√(r³/GM), with r = R + h
Kepler's laws	Elliptical orbits; equal areas in equal times (areal velocity L/2m constant); T² ∝ a³
Satellite energies	K = GMm/(2r); U = −GMm/r; E = −GMm/(2r)

How to use / common traps: r in orbital formulas is measured from the centre of the planet, not from the surface. The approximation g(1 − 2h/R) fails when h is comparable to R: at h = R/2 the exact value is 4g/9, while the approximation gives zero. Escape velocity does not depend on the mass of the body or the direction of projection. For planets of the same density, g and v_e are both proportional to R, a common ratio question.

7. Properties of solids and liquids

In the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus, this unit also contains heat, thermal expansion, calorimetry and heat transfer, so those formulas are listed here.

Result	Formula
Elastic moduli	Young's Y = (F/A)/(ΔL/L), so ΔL = FL/(AY); bulk B = −ΔP/(ΔV/V); modulus of rigidity η = (F/A)/θ
Elastic potential energy	Energy per unit volume = ½ × stress × strain
Fluid pressure; Pascal's law	P = P₀ + ρgh; hydraulic lift F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂
Continuity and Bernoulli	A₁v₁ = A₂v₂; P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant along a streamline
Speed of efflux (Torricelli)	v = √(2gh)
Stokes' law and terminal velocity	F = 6πηrv; v_t = 2r²(ρ − σ)g/(9η), ρ = sphere density, σ = fluid density
Reynolds number and critical velocity	Re = ρvD/η; v_c = Re_cη/(ρD)
Surface energy	W = TΔA (a film has two surfaces, so ΔA doubles)
Excess pressure	Liquid drop or air bubble in liquid: 2T/r; soap bubble in air: 4T/r
Capillary rise	h = 2T cosθ/(ρgr)
Thermal expansion	ΔL = αLΔT; β ≈ 2α (area); γ ≈ 3α (volume)
Calorimetry and latent heat	Q = mcΔT; Q = mL; heat lost = heat gained
Conduction	dQ/dt = kAΔT/L; thermal resistance L/(kA), combined like electrical resistances

How to use / common traps: a soap bubble has two surfaces, so its excess pressure is 4T/r (12 Pa for r = 1 cm and T = 0.03 N/m), while an air bubble inside water has one surface and 2T/r. Terminal velocity uses the density difference (ρ − σ), and it varies as r², so doubling the radius makes it four times larger. In calorimetry with a change of state, check first whether enough heat is available: 10 g of water cooling from 30 °C to 0 °C gives out 300 cal, which melts only part of 10 g of ice (800 cal needed), so the final state is ice and water at 0 °C.

From our tutors: for Units 2 to 7 we ask students to write the condition next to each formula on their printed copy: "constant a only" beside the equations of motion, "one surface" beside 2T/r, "h ≪ R" beside g(1 − 2h/R). In our experience, NEET aspirants who are strong in biology rarely forget a mechanics formula. They lose the mark by using it in a situation where it does not hold.

8. Thermodynamics

Result	Formula
First law	ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW (ΔW = work done by the gas)
Work by a gas	W = ∫P dV = area under the P–V curve
Internal energy of an ideal gas	ΔU = nC_vΔT for any process
Isobaric	W = PΔV = nRΔT; Q = nC_pΔT
Isochoric	W = 0; Q = ΔU = nC_vΔT
Isothermal	ΔU = 0; Q = W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
Adiabatic	Q = 0; PV^γ = constant; TV^γ−1 = constant; W = nR(T₁ − T₂)/(γ − 1)
Mayer's relation	C_p − C_v = R (molar)
P–V slopes	Adiabatic slope = γ × isothermal slope at the same point
Cyclic process	ΔU = 0; net Q = net W = area enclosed by the loop

How to use / common traps: check the sign convention for work before applying the first law; this sheet uses work done by the gas as positive, as in NCERT. The syllabus names the second law and reversible and irreversible processes, but not heat engines or the Carnot cycle, so those are flagged below. Temperatures in every gas formula are in kelvin.

9. Kinetic theory of gases

Result	Formula
Ideal gas equation	PV = nRT = Nk_BT; N_A ≈ 6.02 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Pressure of a gas	P = ⅓ρv_rms²
Molecular speeds	v_rms = √(3RT/M); v_avg = √(8RT/πM); v_mp = √(2RT/M); v_rms > v_avg > v_mp
Kinetic interpretation of temperature	Average translational KE per molecule = (3/2)k_BT
Equipartition	½k_BT per degree of freedom per molecule; U = (f/2)nRT
Specific heats from f	C_v = (f/2)R; C_p = (f/2 + 1)R; γ = 1 + 2/f
Typical f	Monatomic f = 3 (γ = 5/3); diatomic at ordinary temperature f = 5 (γ = 7/5)
Mean free path	λ = 1/(√2 πd²n) = k_BT/(√2 πd²P)

How to use / common traps: M must be in kg/mol (0.032 for O₂, not 32). Since v_rms ∝ √T, doubling the rms speed needs four times the kelvin temperature: from 27 °C (300 K) to 1200 K, which is 927 °C, not 108 °C. For a gas mixture, γ is C_p,mix/C_v,mix with mole-weighted C values, not the average of the two γ values.

10. Oscillations and waves

Result	Formula
SHM	x = A sin(ωt + φ); v = ω√(A² − x²); a = −ω²x; v_max = ωA; a_max = ω²A
Periods	Spring–mass T = 2π√(m/k); simple pendulum T = 2π√(l/g) (small angles)
Energy in SHM	E = ½kA²; K = ½k(A² − x²); U = ½kx²
Springs	Series 1/k = 1/k₁ + 1/k₂; parallel k = k₁ + k₂
Progressive wave	y = A sin(kx − ωt); k = 2π/λ; v = ω/k = fλ
Wave speed	String v = √(T/μ); sound in a gas v = √(γP/ρ)
String fixed at both ends; open pipe	f_n = nv/(2L), n = 1, 2, 3 … (all harmonics)
Pipe closed at one end	f = (2n − 1)v/(4L) (odd harmonics only)
Beats	f_beat = \|f₁ − f₂\|

How to use / common traps: kinetic and potential energy in SHM oscillate at twice the frequency of the motion. The pendulum period does not depend on mass; in a lift accelerating upwards replace g by (g + a). A closed pipe 0.5 m long with v = 340 m/s has fundamental 170 Hz, and its next overtone is 510 Hz (the third harmonic), not 340 Hz. Wax on a fork lowers its frequency; filing raises it. Decide which way the beat count moves before choosing f ± f_beat.

Knowing the formulas but still dropping marks in mechanics, heat or waves? Book a free NEET Physics demo class in Gurgaon. The tutor will test where the gap is: concept, condition or calculation.

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11. Electrostatics

Result	Formula
Coulomb's law	F = kq₁q₂/r²; in a medium, F is divided by the dielectric constant K
Point charge	E = kq/r²; V = kq/r; E = −dV/dr
Dipole (r ≫ a), p = q × 2a	Axial E = 2kp/r³; equatorial E = kp/r³; V = kp cosθ/r²
Dipole in a uniform field	τ = p × E; U = −p·E; net force zero
Gauss's law	Φ = q_enclosed/ε₀
Gauss's law results	Infinite line: λ/(2πε₀r); infinite sheet: σ/(2ε₀); thin shell: kQ/r² outside, 0 inside
Potential energy of two charges	U = kq₁q₂/r
Parallel plate capacitor	C = ε₀A/d; filled with dielectric C = Kε₀A/d; slab of thickness t: C = ε₀A/(d − t + t/K)
Combinations	Series 1/C = Σ1/C_i (same Q); parallel C = ΣC_i (same V)
Energy stored	U = ½CV² = Q²/(2C) = ½QV; energy density ½ε₀E²

How to use / common traps: the dipole formulas are approximations for points far from the dipole. When a dielectric slab is inserted with the battery connected, V stays fixed and Q rises; with the battery disconnected, Q stays fixed and V falls. Decide which case you are in before using any energy formula. Potential is a scalar, so add values with signs; field is a vector, so add components. Inside a charged conductor the field is zero but the potential is not.

12. Current electricity

Result	Formula
Drift velocity and current	I = neAv_d; v_d = eEτ/m; mobility μ = v_d/E
Ohm's law and resistance	V = IR; R = ρl/A; conductivity σ = 1/ρ
Temperature dependence	R_T = R₀[1 + α(T − T₀)]
Combinations	Series R = ΣR_i; parallel 1/R = Σ1/R_i
Cell with internal resistance	I = E/(R + r); terminal voltage V = E − Ir while supplying current
Cells in series and parallel	Series: E_eq = ΣE_i, r_eq = Σr_i. Parallel: E_eq = (ΣE_i/r_i)/(Σ1/r_i), 1/r_eq = Σ1/r_i
Electrical power and energy	P = VI = I²R = V²/R; energy = Pt (1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J)
Kirchhoff's laws	Junction: ΣI = 0; loop: sum of potential changes = 0
Wheatstone bridge (balanced)	P/Q = R/S
Metre bridge	R/X = l/(100 − l), with R in the left gap and balance at l cm from the left end

How to use / common traps: a wire stretched to n times its length at constant volume has n² times the resistance, because the area falls by the same factor as the length rises. In a balanced Wheatstone bridge the galvanometer arm carries no current and can be removed. Maximum power is delivered to an external resistor when R = r. Check which gap holds the known resistor before using the metre bridge ratio: with R = 2 Ω in the left gap and balance at 40 cm, X = 3 Ω.

13. Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

Result	Formula
Biot–Savart law	dB = (μ₀/4π) I dl × r̂/r²; μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ T m A⁻¹
Circular loop	Centre B = μ₀I/(2R) (N turns: μ₀NI/(2R)); on axis B = μ₀IR²/[2(R² + x²)^3/2]
Ampere's law results	Long straight wire B = μ₀I/(2πr); long solenoid B = μ₀nI (n = turns per unit length)
Lorentz force	F = q(E + v × B)
Charge in uniform B (v ⊥ B)	r = mv/(qB) = √(2mK)/(qB); T = 2πm/(qB), independent of speed
Force on a wire; parallel wires	F = IL × B; force per unit length μ₀I₁I₂/(2πd), attractive for currents in the same direction
Current loop as a magnetic dipole	m = NIA; τ = m × B; U = −m·B
Moving coil galvanometer	NIAB = kφ; current sensitivity φ/I = NAB/k; voltage sensitivity φ/V = NAB/(kG)
Conversion	Ammeter: shunt S = I_gG/(I − I_g) in parallel. Voltmeter: series R = V/I_g − G
Bar magnet (r ≫ size)	Axial B = (μ₀/4π)(2m/r³); equatorial B = (μ₀/4π)(m/r³)
Magnetic materials	Diamagnetic χ small and negative; paramagnetic χ small and positive, χ ∝ 1/T (Curie's law); ferromagnetic χ large, becomes paramagnetic above the Curie temperature

How to use / common traps: the magnetic force does no work, so it changes the direction of velocity but not the speed. If v has a component along B, the path is a helix and only the perpendicular component goes into r = mv/(qB). A proton and an alpha particle with the same kinetic energy move on circles of the same radius in the same field, because √m/q is the same for both; with the same speed, the alpha particle's radius is twice as large.

14. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

Result	Formula
Faraday and Lenz	ε = −N dΦ/dt, with Φ = B·A = BA cosθ
Motional emf	ε = Blv (rod ⊥ B, v ⊥ rod); rod rotating about one end: ε = ½Bωl²
Self-inductance	ε = −L dI/dt; long solenoid L = μ₀n²Al; energy U = ½LI²
Mutual inductance	ε₂ = −M dI₁/dt
AC generator	ε = NBAω sin ωt; peak ε₀ = NBAω
RMS values (sinusoidal)	I_rms = I₀/√2; V_rms = V₀/√2
Reactance and impedance	X_L = ωL; X_C = 1/(ωC); Z = √[R² + (X_L − X_C)²]; tanφ = (X_L − X_C)/R
Resonance (series LCR)	ω₀ = 1/√(LC); Z = R, current maximum
Power in AC	P = V_rmsI_rms cosφ; power factor cosφ = R/Z; wattless current I_rms sinφ
Ideal transformer	V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p = I_p/I_s

How to use / common traps: in a series LCR circuit, add voltages as phasors, not as numbers: V = √[V_R² + (V_L − V_C)²]. At resonance, V_L and V_C can each be larger than the supply voltage. The I₀/√2 rule applies only to sinusoidal waveforms, and AC meters read rms values. A step-down transformer lowers voltage but raises current; an ideal one does not change power.

15. Electromagnetic waves

Result	Formula or fact
Displacement current	I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt
Speed in vacuum	c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀) ≈ 3 × 10⁸ m/s; E₀/B₀ = c
Nature	Transverse: E, B and the direction of travel are mutually perpendicular; the wave travels along E × B
Spectrum (increasing frequency)	Radio → microwaves → infrared → visible → ultraviolet → X-rays → gamma rays
Average intensity	I = ½cε₀E₀²

How to use / common traps: the electric and magnetic fields carry equal average energy, even though B₀ is numerically far smaller than E₀. The syllabus names applications of each band, so learn one use for each: for example, microwaves in radar and ovens, infrared in remote controls, ultraviolet in sterilisation, X-rays in medical imaging.

16. Optics

Result	Formula
Mirror	1/v + 1/u = 1/f; f = R/2; m = −v/u
Snell's law; critical angle	n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r; sin C = n₂/n₁ (light from denser n₁ to rarer n₂)
Refraction at a spherical surface	n₂/v − n₁/u = (n₂ − n₁)/R
Thin lens	1/v − 1/u = 1/f; m = v/u; power P = 1/f (f in metres, P in dioptres)
Lens maker's formula	1/f = (n − 1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂), n relative to the surrounding medium
Lenses in contact	1/F = Σ1/f_i; P = ΣP_i
Prism	A = r₁ + r₂; n = sin[(A + δ_m)/2]/sin(A/2); thin prism δ = (n − 1)A
Microscope and telescope	Simple microscope m = 1 + D/f (image at D); compound microscope m ≈ (L/f_o)(D/f_e); telescope in normal adjustment m = f_o/f_e, length f_o + f_e
Young's double slit	Fringe width β = λD/d; bright: path difference nλ; dark: (2n − 1)λ/2
Resultant intensity	I = I₁ + I₂ + 2√(I₁I₂) cosφ
Single slit	Minima: a sinθ = nλ (n ≠ 0); angular width of central maximum 2λ/a
Polarisation	Brewster: tan i_B = n (reflected and refracted rays perpendicular); Malus: I = I₀cos²θ

How to use / common traps: use one sign convention (the Cartesian convention in NCERT) for mirrors and lenses, and put the sign of every given distance in before solving. A convex lens with f = 20 cm and an object at 30 cm gives v = +60 cm and m = −2 (real, inverted); move the object to 10 cm and v = −20 cm, m = +2 (virtual, erect). A lens in a liquid has (n_lens/n_liquid − 1) in place of (n − 1). In YDSE, immersing the set-up in water divides β by the refractive index. Our guide to modern physics and optics for NEET works through these units in more depth.

17. Dual nature of matter and radiation

Result	Formula
Photon energy and momentum	E = hν = hc/λ; p = h/λ; hc ≈ 1240 eV nm; h ≈ 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J s
Einstein's photoelectric equation	K_max = hν − φ₀ = eV₀ (V₀ = stopping potential)
Threshold	ν₀ = φ₀/h; λ₀ = hc/φ₀
de Broglie wavelength	λ = h/p = h/√(2mK)
Electron accelerated through V volts	λ = h/√(2meV) ≈ 1.227/√V nm

How to use / common traps: intensity changes the number of photoelectrons (the saturation current), not their maximum kinetic energy; frequency changes K_max. A 620 nm photon carries 1240/620 = 2.0 eV, so it cannot eject electrons from a metal with a work function above 2.0 eV, however bright the light. In a graph of V₀ against ν, the slope is h/e for every metal and the intercept gives the threshold frequency. For the same kinetic energy, the lighter particle has the longer de Broglie wavelength.

18. Atoms and nuclei

Result	Formula
Bohr's quantisation	mvr = nh/(2π)
Hydrogen-like atom	r_n ≈ 0.529 n²/Z Å; E_n ≈ −13.6 Z²/n² eV; v_n ≈ 2.18 × 10⁶ Z/n m/s
Spectral lines	1/λ = RZ²(1/n₁² − 1/n₂²); R ≈ 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹
Series (hydrogen)	Lyman n₁ = 1 (ultraviolet); Balmer n₁ = 2 (visible); Paschen n₁ = 3 (infrared)
Lines from level n	Maximum number of lines = n(n − 1)/2
Distance of closest approach (alpha particle)	r₀ = k(2e)(Ze)/K
Nuclear size	R = R₀A^1/3, R₀ ≈ 1.2 fm; nuclear density is roughly the same for all nuclei
Mass–energy	E = mc²; 1 u ≈ 931.5 MeV
Mass defect and binding energy	Δm = [Zm_p + (A − Z)m_n] − M_nucleus; BE = Δm c²

How to use / common traps: in a Bohr orbit, kinetic energy equals −E_n and potential energy equals 2E_n; for hydrogen in the ground state that is +13.6 eV and −27.2 eV. From n = 4, up to 4 × 3/2 = 6 lines can appear. Binding energy per nucleon, not total binding energy, decides stability; it peaks near iron, which is why fission of heavy nuclei and fusion of light nuclei both release energy. Radioactive decay and half-life are not named in the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus; see the flagged list.

19. Electronic devices

Result	Formula or fact
Semiconductors	Intrinsic: n_e = n_h = n_i; doped: n_en_h = n_i²; n-type (pentavalent dopant), p-type (trivalent dopant)
Diode bias	Forward bias: p side at higher potential, current rises sharply after the knee voltage. Reverse bias: tiny current until breakdown
Rectifier output frequency	Half-wave: f (same as input); full-wave: 2f
Zener regulator	V_load = V_Z; I_series = (V_in − V_Z)/R_S; I_Z = I_series − I_load
Optoelectronic devices	LED: forward bias, photon energy ≈ band gap (E_g ≈ hc/λ). Photodiode: reverse bias. Solar cell: no external bias
Logic gates	OR: Y = A + B; AND: Y = A·B; NOT: Y = Ā; NAND: Y = (A·B)‾; NOR: Y = (A + B)‾

How to use / common traps: in Zener questions, first check that the Zener is in breakdown: remove it and find the voltage across the load. With V_in = 15 V, R_S = 500 Ω, R_L = 2 kΩ and V_Z = 10 V, the load alone would get 12 V, so the Zener conducts; then I_series = 10 mA, I_load = 5 mA and I_Z = 5 mA. This unit is worth extra care for board students: the CBSE 2026–27 Class 12 physics syllabus covers the diode as a rectifier but does not name Zener diodes, LEDs, photodiodes, solar cells or logic gates in its theory, while the NEET syllabus names all of them.

20. Experimental skills

The NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus lists 18 experiments and asks for "familiarity with the basic approach and observations". These are the formulas behind them that questions most often need.

Experiment	Formula or key idea
Vernier callipers	LC = 1 MSD − 1 VSD (= 1 MSD/N when N VSD = (N − 1) MSD); reading = MSR + (VSR × LC) − zero error
Screw gauge	LC = pitch/number of circular scale divisions; reading = MSR + (CSR × LC) − zero error
Simple pendulum, dissipation of energy	Energy ∝ (amplitude)², so a graph of A² against time shows how energy is lost
Metre scale (principle of moments)	m₁l₁ = m₂l₂ about the pivot
Young's modulus of a wire	Y = MgL/(πr²Δl)
Surface tension by capillary rise	T = rhρg/(2 cosθ); detergent lowers T, so h falls
Viscosity by terminal velocity	η = 2r²(ρ − σ)g/(9v_t)
Resonance tube	v = 2f(l₂ − l₁); end correction e = (l₂ − 3l₁)/2
Specific heat by method of mixtures	Heat lost by hot body = heat gained by water and calorimeter
Metre bridge resistivity; Ohm's law	ρ = Xπd²/(4L); R = slope of the V–I graph
Galvanometer, half-deflection	G = RS/(R − S) (≈ S when R ≫ S); figure of merit k = E/[(R + G)θ]
Focal length (mirrors, convex lens)	Parallax method: no parallax between image and pin at the image position; use 1/v ± 1/u = 1/f with signs
Prism i–δ graph	At minimum deviation i = e and the ray passes symmetrically
Glass slab (travelling microscope)	n = real thickness/apparent thickness
Diode and Zener characteristics	Forward knee voltage; reverse current nearly zero until breakdown; Zener breakdown voltage read from the reverse curve

How to use / common traps: zero error is subtracted with its sign, so a negative zero error is added back. Using l₂ − l₁ in the resonance tube removes the end correction: with f = 500 Hz, l₁ = 16 cm and l₂ = 50 cm, v = 340 m/s and e = 1 cm. In the Young's modulus experiment, the error in the radius counts twice because r is squared.

From our tutors: students often skip Unit 20 because it feels like school practical work. We teach each experiment with its theory chapter instead: vernier and screw gauge with Unit 1, the capillary tube and falling-ball viscometer with Unit 7, the resonance tube with waves, and the metre bridge with current electricity. The formulas are short, and linking them to a chapter makes them far easier to recall under exam pressure.

Formulas not in the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus

These topics still appear in many older NEET books and formula sheets, but the NEET (UG) 2026 Physics syllabus text does not name them. We checked each one against the syllabus text and against the CBSE 2026–27 Physics syllabus, since most NEET aspirants also sit board exams. Give them the lowest priority for NEET, but learn any that your board syllabus names.

Topic and key formula	NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus	CBSE 2026–27 syllabus
Doppler effect in sound: f′ = f(v ± v_o)/(v ∓ v_s)	Not named (Unit 10 ends at beats)	Not named
Rolling without slipping: v = ωR; a = g sinθ/(1 + k²/R²)	Not named (only "rolling friction")	Not named in theory
Heat engines and Carnot cycle: η = 1 − T_C/T_H	Not named (second law, reversible and irreversible processes are)	Not named
Stefan's law (E = σT⁴); Wien's law (λ_mT = b)	Not named (radiation is listed only as a mode of heat transfer)	Named (qualitative ideas of black-body radiation)
Newton's law of cooling	Not named	Not named
Radioactive decay: N = N₀e^−λt; T_½ = ln 2/λ	Not named	Not named
Damped and forced oscillations	Not named	Not named
Growth and decay in RC and LR circuits	Not named	Not named
Potentiometer	Not named (metre bridge only)	Listed only among practical apparatus to identify
Transistors and communication systems	Not named	Not named

"Not named" means the topic is absent from the syllabus text. It does not guarantee that no question will ever touch the idea, and NMC can revise the syllabus, so check the notified version each year. For how the paper is set, including the number of physics questions and the marking scheme, read our NEET physics syllabus and exam pattern guide.

Printing tips

Use your browser's Print option. The table of contents and booking boxes are hidden when you print, so the sheet prints as formulas and notes only.
To keep a copy on your phone or laptop, choose "Save as PDF" as the printer in the print dialog.
Print on both sides and keep the pages with your error log. Add your own conditions and mistakes in the margins.
Replace the printout when NMC notifies the next syllabus.

Formulas are only half the job; the other half is using them without slips when there is no calculator. Our step-by-step method for NEET physics numericals shows how, with worked examples from across the syllabus.

Frequently asked questions

Is this NEET physics formula sheet enough for the exam?

It covers the key formulas in all 20 units of the NEET (UG) 2026 Physics syllabus, but formulas alone do not earn marks. NEET tests whether you can choose the right formula, check its conditions and calculate quickly without a calculator, so pair this sheet with NCERT, previous-year questions and timed practice.

Can I download this as a PDF?

We do not offer a separate download. The page is designed to print: use your browser's Print option and choose "Save as PDF" if you want a copy on your device.

Is a formula sheet or calculator given in NEET?

The NEET (UG) 2026 Information Bulletin does not describe any formula sheet for candidates, and it lists calculators, slide rules and log tables among items not allowed in the examination hall. Some questions state the constants to use. Always read the current bulletin for exam-day rules.

How many units are in the NEET physics syllabus?

Twenty, from Physics and Measurement to Experimental Skills. This sheet follows the same order, with heat, calorimetry and heat transfer placed under Unit 7 (Properties of Solids and Liquids), as in the official syllabus.

Which NEET physics formulas should I learn first?

Start with the units that the rest of physics depends on: kinematics, laws of motion, and work and energy, followed by electrostatics and current electricity for Class 12. After that, give priority to the units where your mock-test accuracy is lowest, rather than the ones you already find comfortable.

Is the Doppler effect in the NEET 2026 physics syllabus?

No. Unit 10 (Oscillations and Waves) ends at beats, and the syllabus text does not name the Doppler effect. Radioactive decay, the Carnot engine and Newton's law of cooling are also absent. They are listed in the flagged table above so you can decide how much time to give them.

How should I revise NEET physics formulas each day?

A short daily session of 10 to 15 minutes, covering two or three units in rotation, works better than one long session a week. Cover the formula column, write from memory, and then solve two or three questions that use the formulas you missed.

Can a home tutor help with physics formulas for NEET?

A tutor helps most by showing where each formula comes from and when it fails, which makes recall much easier. Ajay Vatsyayan Classes tutors teach NEET Physics one-to-one at home across Gurgaon (Gurugram) and online, with male and female tutors available.

Want a tutor to turn this NEET physics formula sheet into marks? Book a free NEET Physics demo with Ajay Vatsyayan Classes, Saraswati kunj II, Wazirabad, Sector 52, Gurugram, Haryana 122003. Male and female tutors are available, at home or online.

Book a Free NEET Physics Demo +91 92204 75088

About this guide: written by the Ajay Vatsyayan Classes Home Tutors Team and reviewed by Ajay Vatsyayan (Founder; B.Tech; IB and Cambridge IGCSE experienced). Unit list checked against the Syllabus for NEET (UG) 2026 (NMC notice dated 22 December 2025) on 29 September 2026.

NEET Physics Guide

Part of our NEET Physics guide

NEET Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 NEET (UG) Syllabus Units on One Printable Page

How to use this NEET physics formula sheet

1. Physics and measurement

2. Kinematics

3. Laws of motion

4. Work, energy and power

5. Rotational motion

6. Gravitation

7. Properties of solids and liquids

8. Thermodynamics

9. Kinetic theory of gases

10. Oscillations and waves

11. Electrostatics

12. Current electricity

13. Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

14. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

15. Electromagnetic waves

16. Optics

17. Dual nature of matter and radiation

18. Atoms and nuclei

19. Electronic devices

20. Experimental skills

Formulas not in the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus

Printing tips

Frequently asked questions

Is this NEET physics formula sheet enough for the exam?

Can I download this as a PDF?

Is a formula sheet or calculator given in NEET?

How many units are in the NEET physics syllabus?

Which NEET physics formulas should I learn first?

Is the Doppler effect in the NEET 2026 physics syllabus?

How should I revise NEET physics formulas each day?

Can a home tutor help with physics formulas for NEET?

More from the NEET Physics guide

About this guide

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NEET Physics Guide

Part of our NEET Physics guide

NEET Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 NEET (UG) Syllabus Units on One Printable Page

How to use this NEET physics formula sheet

1. Physics and measurement

2. Kinematics

3. Laws of motion

4. Work, energy and power

5. Rotational motion

6. Gravitation

7. Properties of solids and liquids

8. Thermodynamics

9. Kinetic theory of gases

10. Oscillations and waves

11. Electrostatics

12. Current electricity

13. Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

14. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

15. Electromagnetic waves

16. Optics

17. Dual nature of matter and radiation

18. Atoms and nuclei

19. Electronic devices

20. Experimental skills

Formulas not in the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus

Printing tips

Frequently asked questions

Is this NEET physics formula sheet enough for the exam?

Can I download this as a PDF?

Is a formula sheet or calculator given in NEET?

How many units are in the NEET physics syllabus?

Which NEET physics formulas should I learn first?

Is the Doppler effect in the NEET 2026 physics syllabus?

How should I revise NEET physics formulas each day?

Can a home tutor help with physics formulas for NEET?

More from the NEET Physics guide

About this guide